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Parallel Computer Structeres

Parallel computers are those computers which emphasize parallel processing and that's very much obvious. Parallel computers are divided into 3 architectural configurations:

  1. Pipeline computers (do overlapped computations to use temporal parallelism) 
  2. Array processors (use multiple synchronized ALUs to do spatial parallelism)
  3. Multiprocessor system (asynchronous parallelism through interactive processors with shared resources)
Instruction Fetch consists of four major steps: Instruction Fetch(IF) from the main memory; Instruction Decoding(ID) identifying the operation to be performed; Operand Fetch(OF); Execution(EX) of decoded arithmetic logic operation. 
In a pipelined computer these steps are executed in overlapped function while in nonpipelined first these 4 steps must be completed then next instruction will be performed. 

A k-stage linear pipeline processor could be almost k times faster.
speedup = Nonpipeline processor/pipeline processor
               = nk/(k+(n-1))
where n is no. of tasks 
and k is no. of stages.


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