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Introduction to Parallel Processing

Parallel Processing: Parallel processing is an efficient form of processing which emphasizes to take the support of concurrent events in the computing process. 

Simply in Parallel processing, many calculations or many processes are carried out simultaneously. To solve large problems, problems are divided into smaller ones and then solved simultaneously. 

Concurrency implies parallelism, simultaneity, and pipelining. Parallel events occur during the same time interval, simultaneous events occur at the same time instant and pipelined events occur in overlapped time spans.

From an application point of view, parallel processing is trending as:

  • Data Processing
  • Information Processing
  • Knowledge Processing
  • Intelligence processing


Data space is the largest and has objects which are mutually unrelated.
Information is a collection of those data objects which are related.
Knowledge = Information + some semantic meaning.
Intelligence is a collection of knowledge items.



From an Operating system point of view, computer systems evolved in :
  • Batch processing
  • Multiprogramming
  • Time-sharing
  • Multiprocessing
In these 4 operating modes, the degree of parallelism increases sharply from phase to phase. 

Parallel processing can be challenged in four programmatic levels:
  • Job or program level (Done algorithmically)
  • Task or procedure level
  • InterInstruction level
  • IntraInstruction level (Done at Hardware level)

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