Introduction to Parallel Processing

Parallel Processing: Parallel processing is an efficient form of processing which emphasizes to take the support of concurrent events in the computing process.

Simply in Parallel processing, many calculations or many processes are carried out simultaneously. To solve large problems, problems are divided into smaller ones and then solved simultaneously.

Concurrency implies parallelism, simultaneity, and pipelining. Parallel events occur during the same time interval, simultaneous events occur at the same time instant and pipelined events occur in overlapped time spans.

From an application point of view, parallel processing is trending as:

Data Processing
Information Processing
Knowledge Processing
Intelligence processing

Data space is the largest and has objects which are mutually unrelated.

Information is a collection of those data objects which are related.

Knowledge = Information + some semantic meaning.

Intelligence is a collection of knowledge items.

From an Operating system point of view, computer systems evolved in :

Batch processing
Multiprogramming
Time-sharing
Multiprocessing

In these 4 operating modes, the degree of parallelism increases sharply from phase to phase.

Parallel processing can be challenged in four programmatic levels:

Job or program level (Done algorithmically)
Task or procedure level
InterInstruction level
IntraInstruction level (Done at Hardware level)

Parallel and Distributed computing - 1

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